This painting depicts a scene from The Book of Ruth in the bible. This relates that Ruth and Orpah, two women of Moab, had married the two sons of Elimelech and Naomi, Judeans who had settled in Moab to escape a famine in Judah. After the death of Elimelech, and then the husbands of both younger women, Naomi plans to return to her native Bethlehem and urges her daughters-in-law to return to their families and re-marry. Orpah reluctantly departs but Ruth begs to stay with Naomi and share her fate. They travel to Bethlehem and Ruth looks after Naomi by collecting the gleanings of the field belonging to a wealthy landowner named Boaz, whom she eventually marries, becoming great-grandmother to King David. Lichtenstein depicts Ruth gathering sheaves of wheat and barley in the field.